Many ancient Indian sculptures, particularly those dating back to the Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain traditions, are found in a broken or damaged state today. This widespread damage can be attributed to a combination of factors, including historical invasions, religious intolerance, and natural wear over centuries.

During various periods of Indian history, especially under foreign invasions such as those by the Mughals and other Islamic rulers, many temples and sculptures were deliberately defaced or destroyed. This was often driven by religious motivations, as these invaders sought to suppress local Hindu and Buddhist religious practices. Iconoclasm, the deliberate destruction of religious icons, played a significant role in the widespread damage to these sculptures.

Additionally, the passage of time and exposure to natural elements, including weathering, earthquakes, and erosion, have contributed to the deterioration of these sculptures. Many were left exposed to the elements for centuries, leading to significant damage and the loss of finer details​ (Mittal South Asia Institute)​ (Encyclopedia Britannica).