Rat deity sculptures found outside the gopuram of Hindu temples are primarily associated with the worship of Lord Ganesha, who is often depicted with a rat (known as "Mushika") as his vehicle. These sculptures symbolize the subjugation of the ego (represented by the rat) under divine wisdom and are a common feature in temples dedicated to Ganesha across India.

The presence of these rat deity sculptures is particularly prominent in South Indian states like Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, where Dravidian temple architecture features richly ornamented gopurams. The sculptures serve both a religious and aesthetic function, enhancing the spiritual ambiance and reflecting the mythology surrounding Ganesha.

In regions like Rajasthan, rats are also revered in specific temples like the Karni Mata Temple, where rats are considered the reincarnations of the goddess's devotees, adding another layer to the cultural significance of these creatures in Hindu worship practices.